ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™

ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืดืŸ

ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืดืŸย ยท ืื•ืช ืงืดื‘

1 ืงื˜ืขื™ื ยท ืคืจืง 102 ืžืชื•ืš 308

ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜
ื”ืชืืžืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื”
ืจื™ื•ื•ื— ืฉื•ืจื•ืช
ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ
ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืฃ ื”ืงืจื™ืื”

ื ืฉืžืจ ืจืง ื‘ื“ืคื“ืคืŸ ื”ื–ื”.

ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืดืŸ ยท ืื•ืช ืงืดื‘

ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื ืฉืœืšืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉืคืชื— ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ
ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืฉืžื• ืขืœ ืคืกื•ืง "ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืœื ืจืื” ืขืžืœ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”' ืืœืงื™ื• ืขืžื• ื•ืชืจื•ืขืช ืžืœืš ื‘ื•" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›"ื’, ื›"ื) ืื‘ืœ ืฉื›ื—ืชื™ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ; ืืš ื–ืืช ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ โ€“ ืžื” ืฉืคืจืฉ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ืชืจื•ืขืช ืžืœืš ื‘ื•": "ื•ืชืจื•ืขืช" โ€“ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืจื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื‘', ื˜'): "ืชืจื•ืขื ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื‘ืจื–ืœ", ื”ื™ื ื•: ื›ืฉืžืฉื‘ืจื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืื–ื™ "ืžืœืš ื‘ื•", ื”ื™ื ื•: ืฉืžื•ืฆืื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืœืš ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ื”ื›ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ ืžืœื‘ืฉ ื—ื™ื•ืชื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš: ื’ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื’ื ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืืคืœื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ืชื›ืฃ ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืื™ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื, ืžื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืื™ื–ื” ืฆืจื”, ืื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืœืžื™ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืชื•ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืจื—ืžื ื ืœืฆืœืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื‘ืžื” ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื›ืœืœ, ืื‘ืœ "ืื™ืฉ ืืžื•ื ื•ืช" (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›"ื—, ื›') ื”ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื”' โ€“ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื“, ื›ื™ ืืคืœื• ื›ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืื™ื–ื” ืฆืจื” ืจื—ืžื ื ืœืฆืœืŸ, ืื–ื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื‘ื”' ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”; ืื• ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ืืœื• ื™ื ื›ื• ืœื• ืžืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•, ืื• ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœืื™ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื”ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื; ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื•ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื. ื•ื–ื” ืžื‘ืืจ ืžืื“ ืœืžื™ ืฉื‘ืงื™ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืœืื™ื ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ. ื›ื™ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืชื ื”ื’ ืœื”ื ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื. ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืœื• ืžืœื ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ื™ื’ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ืื’ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืชื ื”ื’ ืœื”ื ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื”ื ื›ืขืก ื•ืžื›ืื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื›ื™ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืชื ื”ื’ ืœื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื•. ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืืžืชื™ ื•ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ ืจืง ืขืœ ืชืื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื ืžืœืื™ื ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ื "ืœ. ื•ื’ื ื›ืฉื‘ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืื’ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื’ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื‘ืžื” ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื›ื "ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื›ืฉืจ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืืžืช, ื•ืขืงืจ ืชืงื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื“. ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ืฉื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ืคืจื” ืขืœ ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ืืคืœื• ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื™ืฉ ื›ืฉืจ ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืฆืขืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืจื˜ื” ื›ืฉื ื–ื“ืžืŸ ืœื• ืื™ื–ื” ืคื’ื ืื• ืื™ื–ื” ืขื‘ืจื” ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืืคืœื• ืื ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจื” ืžืžืฉ ืจื—ืžื ื ืœืฆืœืŸ, ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื›ืฉื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ืชื—ืจื˜ ืขืœื™ื• ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฆืขืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื“ ื•ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ืจื” ืจื—ืžื ื ืœืฆืœืŸ, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ื’ื ืืœื• ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ ื•ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขืœ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจื” ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืืœื• ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ื”ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ื™ืจืืช ื”' ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ื™ืžื™ื" (ืžืฉืœื™ ื™', ื›"ื–). ื•ืชื“ืข ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื“ื ื”ื ืžืงืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžื›ืœื™ื ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื•. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืœื• ื”ืงืœื™ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืœืœ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžื›ืœื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื›ื "ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื“ื ืžื—ืžืช ื™ืจืืช ื”' ื”ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื™ืจืืช ื”' ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ื™ืžื™ื. ื•ื’ื ืืœื• ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื“ื ืžื—ืžืช ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืื™ื–ื” ืคื’ื ืื• ืขื‘ืจื” ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืžืชื—ืจื˜ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฆืขืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื–ื”, ืืœื• ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื™ืจืืช ื”' ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื”ื ืžื—ืžืช ืฉืžืชื™ืจื ืžื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื”ืŸ ืžื—ืžืช ืจื•ืžืžื•ืชื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืื• ืžื—ืžืช ื™ืจืืช ื”ืขื ืฉ. ื•ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื™ืจืืช ื”', ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ืžื™ืจืืชื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืกืคืช ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ: ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ืฉ ืืžื•ื ื” โ€“ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ, ื“ื”ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืคื™ ื”ืชืขื ื•ื’ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžื”ืขื‘ืจื” ื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžืžืฉ ืฆืขืจ ื•ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ. ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืชืขื ื•ื’ื• ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืจื—ืžื ื ืœืฆืœืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ื“ืข ื›ื™ ืžืจื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืขื ืฉ ืงืฉื” ื•ืžืจ ืจื—ืžื ื ืœืฆืœืŸ, ืจืง ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืชืื•ืชื•. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืงืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกื‘ืœ ื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื’ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืชืขื ื•ื’ื• ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื›ื "ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืžื•ื ื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื ื›ื‘ื“ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื›ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ: ื•ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืฉื ืžื‘ืืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ืœ ืขืฆื ื”ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืžื™ ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืืœื• ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื—ืœืง ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ืฉื ื›ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืคืœื™ื’ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืืกื•ืจ ื–ื” ืฉื—ืžื•ืจ ืžื›ืœ ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ืืจ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืกืคืจื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื:
ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช. ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ.
ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ

ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ื•ื™ืงื™ื˜ืงืกื˜, ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืดืŸ/ืฉืœื, revid 2952459; ืื•ืช ืืณ ืž-revid 2847941 ยท ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืœื ืื•ืžืช

ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื”: ื ื—ืœืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ยท ื”ื”ืงืœื“ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช: ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืืณโ€“ืงืดื : ืœื ื–ื•ื”ื”, ื“ืจืš ื•ื™ืงื™ื˜ืงืกื˜ ยท ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงืœื“ื”: ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืืณโ€“ืงืดื : ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ยท ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืืชืจ ื”ื–ื”: ืœื ื”ื•ืกื“ืจื”; ืœื ื ืžืฆืื” ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื”ืงืœื“ื”. ืคื™ืจื•ื˜

ืžืงื•ืจ: ื•ื™ืงื™ื˜ืงืกื˜, ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจ"ืŸ/ืฉืœื, ื’ืจืกื” 2952459 ยท ืชื•ืจืžื™ ื•ื™ืงื™ื˜ืงืกื˜, CC BY-SA 4.0 / CC BY-SA 3.0 ยท ืฉื•ื ื”: ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืœืงื˜ืขื™ื, ื”ืกืจืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืขื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื; ืื•ืช ืืณ ืžื’ืจืกื” 2847941, ืฉืืจ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžื’ืจืกื” 2952459.

ืงืจื“ื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช

ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“